Optimización de bioadsorbentes a partir de residuos agrícolas para la remoción de metales pesados en aguas de la comunidad nativa de Urakusa
Fecha
2025-12-15
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como propósito optimizar un bioadsorbente de bajo costo elaborado con cáscara de cacao y tallo de plátano, con el fin de reducir la presencia de plomo y microorganismos patógenos en el agua de consumo de la comunidad nativa de Urakusa, en la región Amazonas. El estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque experimental aplicado, empleando un diseño completamente al azar, con muestras en agua recolectadas en diversos puntos de la comunidad. Los bioadsorbentes fueron activados con ácido cítrico y evaluados mediante técnicas fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y espectrofotométricas, a fin de medir su eficiencia en la eliminación de contaminantes.
Los resultados demostraron que ambos materiales presentaron alta porosidad y superficie activa, características que favorecieron una efectiva adsorción de metales pesados, logrando una remoción de plomo cercana al 99 % y una reducción de microorganismos entre el 90 y 100 %, cumpliendo con los de calidad. Además, el tratamiento no alteró los parámetros fisicoquímicos como oxígeno disuelto, conductividad, pH manteniéndolos dentro de los límites permisibles para agua potable.
En conclusión, el aprovechamiento de estos residuos agrícolas locales como la cáscara de cacao y el tallo de plátano, representan una opción biotecnológica factible, sostenible y de bajo costo para optimizar la calidad del agua en comunidades rurales. Este enfoque promueve la economía circular, la sostenibilidad ambiental y el fortalecimiento de la salud pública en zonas vulnerables de la Amazonía peruana.
The purpose of this research was to optimize a low-cost bioadsorbent made from cocoa shells and banana stems in order to reduce the presence of lead and pathogenic microorganisms in the drinking water of the native community of Urakusa, in the Amazon region. The study was conducted using an applied experimental approach, employing a completely randomized design, with water samples collected at various points in the community. The bioadsorbents were activated with citric acid and evaluated using physicochemical, microbiological, and spectrophotometric techniques to measure their efficiency in removing contaminants. The results showed that both materials had high porosity and active surface area, characteristics that favored effective adsorption of heavy metals, achieving lead removal of close to 99% and a reduction in microorganisms of between 90% and 100%, complying with national water quality standards. In addition, the treatment did not alter essential physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity, keeping them within the limits allowed for drinking water. In conclusion, the use of local agricultural waste such as cocoa shells and banana stems is a viable, environmentally friendly, and economical biotechnological alternative for improving water quality in rural communities. This approach promotes the circular economy, environmental sustainability, and the strengthening of public health in vulnerable areas of the Peruvian Amazon.
The purpose of this research was to optimize a low-cost bioadsorbent made from cocoa shells and banana stems in order to reduce the presence of lead and pathogenic microorganisms in the drinking water of the native community of Urakusa, in the Amazon region. The study was conducted using an applied experimental approach, employing a completely randomized design, with water samples collected at various points in the community. The bioadsorbents were activated with citric acid and evaluated using physicochemical, microbiological, and spectrophotometric techniques to measure their efficiency in removing contaminants. The results showed that both materials had high porosity and active surface area, characteristics that favored effective adsorption of heavy metals, achieving lead removal of close to 99% and a reduction in microorganisms of between 90% and 100%, complying with national water quality standards. In addition, the treatment did not alter essential physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity, keeping them within the limits allowed for drinking water. In conclusion, the use of local agricultural waste such as cocoa shells and banana stems is a viable, environmentally friendly, and economical biotechnological alternative for improving water quality in rural communities. This approach promotes the circular economy, environmental sustainability, and the strengthening of public health in vulnerable areas of the Peruvian Amazon.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bioadsorbente, Cáscara de cacao, Tallo de plátano, Remoción de plomo, Microorganismos patógenos, Calidad del agua, Contaminación, Comunidad nativa, Urakusa, Sostenibilidad, Biofilter, Cocoa shell, Banana stem, Lead removal, Pathogenic microorganisms, Water quality, Contamination, Native community, Sustainability
Citación
Guevara Montoya, A. A. (2025). Optimización de bioadsorbentes a partir de residuos agrícolas para la remoción de metales pesados en aguas de la comunidad nativa de Urakusa. Tesis para optar el título profesional de Biotecnólogo. Escuela Profesional de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Bagua, Perú
