Determinación de genes de resistencia a antibióticos en agua de consumo humano de la comunidad awajún de Tsuntsuntsa
Fecha
2025-06-27
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Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua
Resumen
El uso extendido de antimicrobianos en contextos clínicos ha contribuido a la emergencia de microorganismos capaces de sobrevivir a tratamientos convencionales. Esta situación ha generado un escenario de alerta sanitaria, donde la presencia de genes que confieren resistencia a fármacos se ha vuelto cada vez más común en ecosistemas acuáticos, incluidas las fuentes de abastecimiento humano. En este estudio, se evaluó la presencia de genes de resistencia a antibióticos y los parámetros fisicoquímicos en muestras de agua provenientes de diferentes puntos en la comunidad Awajún de Tsuntsuntsa. Se seleccionaron cinco puntos estratégicos a lo largo de la red de distribución de agua, desde el ingreso al pozo de tratamiento hasta la última vivienda abastecida. A través de técnicas de extracción de ADN y PCR, se detectó la presencia de cinco genes de resistencia: marA, emrC, AMPC, QEP y qEmar.
Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la falta de cloro residual y una preocupante contaminación por genes de resistencia en las muestras analizadas, debido a que la totalidad de las muestras han resultado positivas en la detección de los genes de resistencia a los antibióticos, la detección de múltiples genes de resistencia en una misma muestra sugiere la presencia de bacterias con perfiles de resistencia complejos, capaces de resistir a una amplia gama de antibióticos como ampicilina, eritromicina y quinolonas. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar medidas urgentes para mitigar la propagación de bacterias multirresistentes en esta comunidad y proteger la salud pública.
The widespread use of antimicrobials in clinical contexts has contributed to the emergence of microorganisms capable of surviving conventional treatments. This situation has generated a health alert scenario, where the presence of genes conferring drug resistance has become increasingly common in aquatic ecosystems, including sources of human supply. In this study, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and physicochemical parameters in water samples from different points in the Awajún community of Tsuntsuntsa was evaluated. Five strategic points were selected along the water distribution network, from the entrance to the treatment well to the last house supplied. Through DNA extraction and PCR techniques, the presence of five resistance genes was detected: marA, emrC, AMPC, QEP and qEmar. The results obtained show a lack of residual chlorine and a worrying contamination by resistance genes in the samples analyzed, since all the samples were positive in the detection of antibiotic resistance genes. The detection of multiple resistance genes in the same sample suggests the presence of bacteria with complex resistance profiles, capable of resisting a wide range of antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin and quinolones. These findings highlight the need to implement urgent measures to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in this community and protect public health.
The widespread use of antimicrobials in clinical contexts has contributed to the emergence of microorganisms capable of surviving conventional treatments. This situation has generated a health alert scenario, where the presence of genes conferring drug resistance has become increasingly common in aquatic ecosystems, including sources of human supply. In this study, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and physicochemical parameters in water samples from different points in the Awajún community of Tsuntsuntsa was evaluated. Five strategic points were selected along the water distribution network, from the entrance to the treatment well to the last house supplied. Through DNA extraction and PCR techniques, the presence of five resistance genes was detected: marA, emrC, AMPC, QEP and qEmar. The results obtained show a lack of residual chlorine and a worrying contamination by resistance genes in the samples analyzed, since all the samples were positive in the detection of antibiotic resistance genes. The detection of multiple resistance genes in the same sample suggests the presence of bacteria with complex resistance profiles, capable of resisting a wide range of antibiotics such as ampicillin, erythromycin and quinolones. These findings highlight the need to implement urgent measures to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in this community and protect public health.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Genes de resistencia a los antibióticos, Aguas de consumo humano, Antibiotic resistance genes, Drinking water
Citación
Segura Cabanillas, J. C. (2025). Determinación de genes de resistencia a antibióticos en agua de consumo humano de la comunidad awajún de Tsuntsuntsa. Tesis para optar el título profesional de Biotecnólogo. Escuela Profesional de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Intercultural Fabiola Salazar Leguía de Bagua, Bagua, Perú
